Answer:

Actual Yield vs Theoretical Yield

The actual yield of a reaction is the amount of product that is actually produced when the reaction is conducted, while the theoretical yield is the amount of product that would be produced if the reaction proceeded to completion. The actual yield can be less than the theoretical yield due to factors such as incomplete conversion of reactants to products, side reactions, and losses of product through spillage and/or evaporation.

Reasons for a Low Actual Yield

When the actual yield of a reaction is lower than the theoretical yield, it is often due to one or more of the following reasons:

  • Incomplete conversion of reactants to products
  • Side reactions
  • Losses of product through spillage and/or evaporation

Factors Affecting Actual Yield

The actual yield of a reaction can be affected by a number of factors, including:

  • Reaction conditions (temperature, pressure, etc.)
  • The purity of the reactants
  • The type and amount of catalysts used
  • The presence of impurities in the reactants

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